Atomic Bomb Vs Hydrogen Bomb
The hydrogen bomb has once again claimed front page headlines, having been(allegedly) detonated in a test by North Korea. But how does a hydrogen bomb differ from an Atomic-bomb?
THE PROCESS
An atomic bomb relies on nuclear fission, a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom is split, which releases a great deal of nuclear energy.
A hydrogen bomb relies on nuclear fusion, whereby two atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed, which joins them and forms a new type of nucleus.
HOW IT WORKS
Atomic-bombs are also known as fission bombs: fission material such as uranium or plutonium is combined into what is known as a super critical mass, or the amount of material needed to begin a nuclear chain reaction. when detonated, the explosive material in the bomb sets off a nuclear chain reaction that causes the explosion.
Hydrogen-bombs are thermonuclear bombs: a fission bomb is placed inside a radiation-reflecting container with a fusion fuel, like tritium or deuterium. These two materials- tritium and deuterium are isotopes of hydrogen (hence the bomb's name). The explosive material, the fission bomb, detonates and causes the primary reaction. It then compresses and heats the fusion fuel which causes further chain reactions, known as the secondary reaction.
Note that both these fission and fusion processes occur almost instantaneously.
EXPLOSIVE YIELD
Yields of nuclear explosions are hard to determine, even when using rough estimates in the kiloton or megaton range.
For fission devices, yield value is calculated from "radio-chemical/fallout analysis", or the quantity of fission products that are generated in the blast.
For both fission and fusion explosions, yields can be inferred based on blast size, infrasound, fireball brightness, seismographic data, and shock wave strength.
The two Atomic-bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki exploded with forces equivalent two 15,000 and 20,000 tons(kilotons) of TNT, respectively.
Hydrogen bombs are thousands of times more powerful than their atomic counterparts.
So you can imagine the power of Hydrogen Bombs.
FIRST TESTS
Atomic-bombs: codenamed Trinity was the first fission device test using plutonium implosion detonation conducted by the United States Army on july 16 1945 at the jornada del Muerto desert in New Mexico. It had an estimated explosive yield of 20 kilotons of TNT.
Hydrogen-bombs: 'Lvy Mike' was the first successful test of a full-scale thermonuclear devices, detonated on November 1,1952 by the United States on Enewetak, an atoll in the Pacific Ocean. It produced an estimated explosive yield in the range of 10.4 - 12 megatons of TNT.
MOST POWERFUL VERSIONS
Atomic-bombs: 'Lvy King' was the largest fission nuclear bomb tested by the United States, It was dropped from a B-36H bomber on November 16,1952 at Runit Island in the Enewetak atoll, resulting in a 500 kiloton explosion.
Hydrogen-bombs: 'Tsar Bomba' was the nickname for the AN602 hydrogen bomb tested on October 30,1961 by the Soviet Union at the Mityushikha Bay in the Arctic Circle. It was the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated and remains the most powerful man-made explosion in human history. It has a yield of 50 megaton TNT.
NUCLEAR WEAPON STATES
Elight sovereign states have successfully detonated nuclear weapons, and five of them- united States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, and China - are considered to be"nuclear-weapon states" under the terms of the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons(NPT).
Three countries - India, Pakistan, and North Korea - are not parties to the NPT.
Other countries believed to possess nuclear weapons are Israel and South Africa, though the latter disassembled its arsenal before joining the NPT.
The U.S. has provided nuclear weapons to Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Turkey to deploy and store under the NATO nuclear weapons sharing agreement.
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